What it is
A research chemical, an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a finished prescription medicine are different products. A COA cannot substitute for clinical evaluation and regulated manufacturing.
What the evidence tells us
An approved medicine has a defined formulation, intended use and product information. A research supplier can sell a molecule with the same name without establishing equivalence.
What remains uncertain
For Cyprus and the EU, consult EMA product information and the relevant national authority. US FDA statements describe the US context. A directory listing is not confirmation of local legality, import eligibility or medical suitability.
Check the population, product, route, comparator and outcome. A laboratory mechanism is not a proven health benefit, and a supplier’s certificate is not a clinical study.
Follow the evidence
Sources accessed 10 September 2026. Vendor claims and vendor-hosted reports are identified as such.